1. Introduction to C Programming

• What is C?
• History of C
• Features of C
• Applications of C
• C Program Structure
• How C Programs Work
• Compiler & IDE
• Writing and Running First C Program
• Comments in C

2. Variables & Data Types

• Variables
• Constants
• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Basic Data Types
• int
• float
• double
• char
• void
• Type Modifiers
• Type Conversion

3. Input & Output

• printf()
• scanf()
• Character Input/Output
• getchar()
• putchar()
• Format Specifiers
• Escape Sequences

4. Operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment & Decrement
• Conditional/Ternary Operator
• Bitwise Operators
• Operator Precedence
• Associativity

5. Conditional Statements

• if
• if...else
• else if
• Nested if
• switch
• case
• break
• default
• Practical Programs

6. Loops

• for
• while
• do...while
• Nested Loops
• break
• continue
• Loop-based Programs
• Pattern Programs

7. Functions

• What is a Function?
• Function Declaration
• Function Definition
• Function Calling
• Parameters & Arguments
• Return Values
• Call by Value
• Recursion
• Library Functions
• User-Defined Functions

8. Arrays

• Introduction to Arrays
• One-Dimensional Arrays
• Array Initialization
• Accessing Array Elements
• Array Input & Output
• Searching Arrays
• Sorting Arrays
• Two-Dimensional Arrays
• Matrix Programs
• Multi-Dimensional Arrays

9. Strings

• Character Arrays
• String Declaration
• String Input & Output
• String Functions
• strlen()
• strcpy()
• strcat()
• strcmp()
• String Manipulation Programs

10. Pointers

• Introduction to Pointers
• Pointer Variables
• Address Operator &
• Dereference Operator *
• Pointers & Arrays
• Pointers & Functions
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Pointer to Pointer
• Practical Pointer Programs

11. Structures & Unions

• Introduction to Structures
• Structure Declaration
• Structure Variables
• Accessing Structure Members
• Array of Structures
• Nested Structures
• Structures with Functions
• Union
• Structure vs Union

12. Dynamic Memory Allocation

• Static vs Dynamic Memory
• malloc()
• calloc()
• realloc()
• free()
• Dynamic Arrays
• Memory Management

13. File Handling

• Introduction to File Handling
• Creating & Opening Files
• Reading Files
• Writing Files
• Appending Data
• fopen()
• fclose()
• fprintf()
• fscanf()
• fgetc()
• fputc()
• File-based Programs

14. Preprocessor & Advanced C

• Preprocessor Directives
• #include
• #define
• Macros
• Header Files
• Conditional Compilation
• Command Line Arguments
• Storage Classes
• auto
• static
• extern
• register

15. Practical Programming

Students will practice programs based on:

• Calculator
• Even/Odd Number
• Prime Number
• Factorial
• Fibonacci Series
• Palindrome
• Armstrong Number
• Reverse Number
• Number Patterns
• Array Searching & Sorting
• Matrix Operations
• String Operations
• Student Record Management
• Employee Record Management
• File Management

16. C Programming Projects